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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. It is required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage or the presence of unreplicated DNA. This protein acts to integrate signals from ATM and ATR, two cell cycle proteins involved in DNA damage responses, that also associate with chromatin in meiotic prophase I. Phosphorylation of CDC25A protein phosphatase by this protein is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in respons

This gene encodes a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. These growth factors are mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. The identity of the growth factor bound to a receptor monomer determines whether the functional receptor is a homodimer or a heterodimer, composed of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta polypeptides. This gene is flanked on chromosome 5 by the genes for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimula

PKR is an interferon-inducible serine/threonine specific protein kinase. It is widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms and activated by double stranded RNA. Activation of PKR by dsRNAs leads to autophosphorylation at multiple sites. Phosphorylation of Thr446 and Thr451 in the PKR activation loop is required in vivo and in vitro for high level kinase activity. PKR phosphorylates its natural substrate, the alpha subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (EIF2 alpha), leading

Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions.$nFunctions as component of the alternative replication protein A complex (aRPA). aRPA binds single-stranded DNA and probably plays a role in DNA repair; it does not support chromosomal DNA replication and cell cycle progression through S-phase. In vitro, aRPA cannot promote efficient priming by DNA polymerase alpha but supports DNA polymerase delt

The protein encoded by this gene is a negative regulator of the cell cycle and was the first tumor suppressor gene found. The encoded protein also stabilizes constitutive heterochromatin to maintain the overall chromatin structure. The active, hypophosphorylated form of the protein binds transcription factor E2F1. Defects in this gene are a cause of childhood cancer retinoblastoma (RB), bladder cancer, and osteogenic sarcoma.$nRb is a tumor suppressor gene which functions as a negative regula

The steady state of protein tyrosyl phosphorylation in cells is regulated by the opposing action of tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Several groups have independently identified a non transmembrane PTP, designated SHPTP1 (also known as PTP1C, HCP and SHP), which is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells and characterized by the presence of two SH2 domains N terminal to the PTP domain. A second and much more widely expressed PTP with SH2 domains, SHPTP2 (also de